Wahyu 13:5

13:5 The beast ¹  was given a mouth speaking proud words ²  and blasphemies, and he was permitted ³  to exercise ruling authority ⁴  for forty-two months.

Wahyu 13:7

13:7 The beast ⁵  was permitted to go to war against the saints and conquer them. ⁶  He was given ruling authority ⁷  over every tribe, people, ⁸  language, and nation,

Daniel 5:18-22

5:18 As for you, O king, the most high God bestowed on your father Nebuchadnezzar a kingdom, greatness, honor, and majesty. ⁹  5:19 Due to the greatness that he bestowed on him, all peoples, nations, and language groups were trembling with fear ¹⁰  before him. He killed whom he wished, he spared ¹¹  whom he wished, he exalted whom he wished, and he brought low whom he wished. 5:20 And when his mind ¹²  became arrogant ¹³  and his spirit filled with pride, he was deposed from his royal throne and his honor was removed from him. 5:21 He was driven from human society, his mind ¹⁴  was changed to that of an animal, he lived ¹⁵  with the wild donkeys, he was fed grass like oxen, and his body became damp with the dew of the sky, until he came to understand that the most high God rules over human kingdoms, and he appoints over them whomever he wishes.

5:22 “But you, his son ¹⁶  Belshazzar, have not humbled yourself, ¹⁷  although you knew all this.

Daniel 7:6

7:6 “After these things, ¹⁸  as I was watching, another beast ¹⁹  like a leopard appeared, with four bird-like wings on its back. ²⁰  This beast had four heads, ²¹  and ruling authority was given to it.

Yohanes 19:11

19:11 Jesus replied, “You would have no authority ²²  over me at all, unless it was given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed me over to you ²³  is guilty of greater sin.” ²⁴ 

[13:5]  ¹ tn Grk “and there was given to him.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[13:5]  ² tn For the translation “proud words” (Grk “great things” or “important things”) see BDAG 624 s.v. μέγας 4.b.

[13:5]  ³ tn Grk “to it was granted.”

[13:5]  ⁴ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

[13:7]  ⁵ tn Grk “and it was given to him to go to war.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[13:7]  ⁶ tc Many mss omit the phrase “it was given to make war with the saints and to overcome them” (Ì⁴⁷ A C 2053 Ï^A sa). It is, however, found in Ì^115vid א 051 1006 (1611) 1841 (1854) 2329 2344 2351 (Ï^K) lat sy^ph,(h) bo. Although the ms evidence is somewhat in favor of the shorter reading, the support of ̹¹⁵ (a recently-discovered ms) for the longer reading balances things out. Normally, the shorter reading should be given preference. However, in an instance in which homoioteleuton could play a role, caution must be exercised. In this passage, accidental omission is quite likely. That this could have happened seems apparent from the two occurrences of the identical phrase “and it was given to him” (καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ, kai edoqh autw) in v. 7. The scribe’s eye skipped over the first καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ and went to the second, hence creating an accidental omission of eleven words.

[13:7]  ⁷ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

[13:7]  ⁸ tn Grk “and people,” but καί (kai) has not been translated here or before the following term since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[5:18]  ⁹ tn Or “royal greatness and majestic honor,” if the four terms are understood as a double hendiadys.

[5:19]  ¹⁰ tn Aram “were trembling and fearing.” This can be treated as a hendiadys, “were trembling with fear.”

[5:19]  ¹¹ tn Aram “let live.” This Aramaic form is the aphel participle of חַיָה(khayah, “to live”). Theodotion and the Vulgate mistakenly take the form to be from מְחָא (mÿkha’, “to smite”).

[5:20]  ¹² tn Aram “heart.”

[5:20]  ¹³ sn The point of describing Nebuchadnezzar as arrogant is that he had usurped divine prerogatives, and because of his immense arrogance God had dealt decisively with him.

[5:21]  ¹⁴ tn Aram “heart.”

[5:21]  ¹⁵ tn Aram “his dwelling.”

[5:22]  ¹⁶ tn Or “descendant”; or “successor.”

[5:22]  ¹⁷ tn Aram “your heart.”

[7:6]  ¹⁸ tn Aram “this.” So also in v. 7.

[7:6]  ¹⁹ tn Aram “and behold, another one.”

[7:6]  ²⁰ tn Or “sides.”

[7:6]  ²¹ sn If the third animal is Greece, the most likely identification of these four heads is the four-fold division of the empire of Alexander the Great following his death. See note on Dan 8:8.

[19:11]  ²² tn Or “power.”

[19:11]  ²³ tn Or “who delivered me over to you.”

[19:11]  sn The one who handed me over to you appears to be a reference to Judas at first; yet Judas did not deliver Jesus up to Pilate, but to the Jewish authorities. The singular may be a reference to Caiaphas, who as high priest was representative of all the Jewish authorities, or it may be a generic singular referring to all the Jewish authorities directly. In either case the end result is more or less the same.

[19:11]  ²⁴ tn Grk “has the greater sin” (an idiom).

[19:11]  sn Because Pilate had no authority over Jesus except what had been given to him from God, the one who handed Jesus over to Pilate was guilty of greater sin. This does not absolve Pilate of guilt; it simply means his guilt was less than those who handed Jesus over to him, because he was not acting against Jesus out of deliberate hatred or calculated malice, like the Jewish religious authorities. These were thereby guilty of greater sin.